Words & Phrases
[L86P1 & L86P2]

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Lesson [L86P1]

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Translation[L86P1]

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Lesson [L86P2]

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Translation[L86P2]

Index9

English USA
Lesson 86, Part 2

  音 L86P2J.MP3[548KB]

 

MARTIN:

Professor Atkins, why are so many Americans interested in the Civil War?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

Most people can't imagine fighting their own people. All war is terrible. But a civil war is the worst.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

Many countries have had civil wars.

 

 

 

ATKINS:

Unfortunately. But many people feel it's also important to keep a country together. Abraham Lincoln felt that way in 1861. Many of the American people felt that way too.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

You said the Civil War was the first modern war. What did you mean?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

It wasn't modern in the way soldiers fought. Mostly the soldiers did the same thing soldiers had done in earlier wars. World War One was more modern. There was modern equipment. New technology. The way soldiers fought was different.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

Then what did you mean that the Civil War was modern?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

In the reasons the North won. Not in the fighting itself.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

OK.

 

 

 

ATKINS:

Some historians say the South had a better military. But the North won the war.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

How did the North win then?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

They won economically.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

What does that mean?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

The North had the factories. They could make the guns, and clothes, and things the soldiers needed.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

And the South had few factories.

 

 

そして南部には工場がほとんどなかった。

 

ATKINS:

That's right. In the past, the biggest and best armies won wars. In modern wars, the ones with the most money and the most factories usually win.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

What are some other contrasts between the Civil War and later wars?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

For Americans?

 

 

 

MARTIN:

Let's talk about Americans first.

 

 

 

ATKINS:

More soldiers died in the Civil War. More than six hundred thousand died in the Civil War. About one hundred sixteen thousand died in World War One.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

What else?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

In World War One, most of the battles were in Europe. There were none in the U.S. The damage was done in Europe.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

I understand.

 

 

 

ATKINS:

It was even worse after World War Two.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

In what way?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

The damage in World War Two was worse.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

Because of the modern technology.

 

 

 

ATKINS:

Yes, everything was more deadly. The war caused more deaths. It damaged more things.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

What kinds of things?

 

 

 

ATKINS:

Factories, of course. Transportation, especially railroads and trains. Shipping. Nearly all the harbors were destroyed. Some agriculture. And housing. Many cities or parts of cities were destroyed.

 

 

 

MARTIN:

That was very different from the Civil War battlefields.

 

 

English USA L86P2J
Courtesy of Voice of America